British Protectorate
At the beginning of the World War I, Britain and Turkey were on the opposite sides. While Britain was considering of declaring Egypt a protectorate, Egypt had vowed loyalty to Turkey. In order to free Egypt from Turkish autonomy and protect it from Germany and Ottoman Empire, British acknowledged Egypt as its protectorate. After avoiding Egypt getting involved in war with Turkey, the British sent its troops to Egypt to protect the Suez Canal from German and Ottoman attacks and enacted laws to suppress any rebellion. Unfortunately, the British’ effort to guard Egypt only led to increase of strong nationalism and adversity for the Egyptian civilians. The unrestrained inflation, seizure of livestock, and hard labor for the troops eventually resulted in violent revolts after the end of World War I. After a group of nationalists demanded a negotiation to end the protectorate but was rejected by the British commissioners, people held mass riots nationwide. In order to maintain their airports and means of communications with Asia, British desired to remain in Egypt. This political unrest continued until 1922 when British allowed Egypt partial independence. In return, British could keep its right to protect foreign interests and Egypt from outside intrusion, and control Sudan with Egypt Although the Egyptians were infuriated by the British action; they were more hostile to Turkey because of its long domination over Egypt.